Bless Me, Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya - 1002 Words

In the novel Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya, Antonio matures a great deal for his age due to the violent actions he is surrounded by. In the beginning of the novel the main character Antonio Marez, who was just six years old at the time, lives in a small town located in New Mexico. He lives with his parents, Maria and Gabriel, and two sisters, Deborah and Theresa. Tony also has three older brothers, but they are off fighting at War. During this time an older women by the name of La Grande, or Ultima, travels a long distance to come spend her last days with the Marez family. Ultima has a connection with the Tony like no other. She has such strong and unique relationship, emotionally and spiritually, with Tony because she delivered†¦show more content†¦Antonio not only witnesses Narciso s death, but he has to show just how responsible he is, due to the fact that Narciso pleaded to be saved by him. As everyone knew, Tony was leaning to become a priest when he grows up. S eeing as how Narciso knew this, he asked Tony to save him and for him to confess before he dies. Instead of being honored by this,Tony is now baffled and begins to question his faith in God. Before Narciso takes his last breath he uttered â€Å"Muchacho... I need confession... I am dying...Then pray for me...you are pure of heart-† â€Å"Thank you, father I will sin no more.† (Anaya 178) Growing up, Florence did not have what most children had. He in fact grew up without his mother and father. He always mentioned that he did not believe in God based on the fact that his parent both died. He thought how could God take a child s parents from them so young. Despite the fact that Tony was a massive believer in God, he still proceeded to be friends with Florence. One day, Florence was swimming in Blue Lake, he made his way to the back of the Lake. Kids were not allowed to be in this area but for some reason he went anyways. He was with a few boys from school and they noticed he had not came up in a while.When his body came a float, they noticed his arm had barbed wire so he must have been held down. Cico and Tony arrived to see the Golden carp but got unexpected news that their friendShow MoreRelated`` Bless Me, Ultima `` By Rudolfo Anaya983 Words   |  4 PagesRudolfo Anaya, author of â€Å"Bless Me, Ultima†, uses countless examples of folk-lore all throughout his novel. In doing so, he gives his readers great insight to the Mexican-American culture of the 1940’s during World War II, and how different the culture is than how most people are raised. The folk-lore Anaya used most effectively throughout â€Å"Bless Me, Ultima† is; the whole idea of growing up and becoming a man, beliefs of witchcraft, children losing their innocence and the characters religious beliefsRead MoreBless Me Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya1463 Words   |  6 PagesB. Reyes 1 Bless Me Ultima Rudolfo Anaya L.A.P. Topic #4 Bairon Reyes Luna Mr. Amoroso Pd. 3 A.P. Literature 09/25/17 B. Reyes 2 In our hesitant humanly efforts to accept the ultimate fate, we find a painful truth, an agonizing indisputable fact that our lives must end, the way good days ends with peaceful sleep. Wistfully, we fail to discern the ironic beauty that is hidden, as we scramble to understand the superficial. This logical desire to understand its existence, and its necessity in our realityRead MoreBless Me Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya1730 Words   |  7 PagesBless Me Ultima Rudolfo Anaya Shaleah Mayo Topic 4 AP Literature Mr. Amoroso Period 1  What do you want to be when you grow up? A question that is always asked to a young child or young adult. You never truly know until you grow up and experience life for yourself. You live your life in search of what you like or don’t like; what you believe in or don’t believe in. Growing up and finding your way is something all children experience, but what if your way of life is already planned out forRead MoreBless Me Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya1380 Words   |  6 Pages Bless Me Ultima Topic #2 Abid Ahmad Abid Ahmad #1 An essential part of someone s life is a place where they are left alone with their own thoughts, not being judged by anyone or anything outside of them. In many cases, this sense of safety can only be found within themselves, because their world is being torn apart by outside influences that have little regard for their own perspective. Similarly, this is ever-present with Antonio and his family in the book Bless Me Ultima byRead MoreBless Me, Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya1361 Words   |  6 Pagescan expand our thoughts to a multitude of different subjects and force us to be a slave to our dreams, such as facing parental pressure, religious ambivalence and the loss of one s innocence. This is true of Antonio Marez in the novel Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya. Antonio has lost control and begins to succumb to his dreams and loses control of himself. He battles his expectations given to him by his parents and also at the same time has another battle within himself. He is confused in w hereRead More`` Bless Me Ultima `` By Rudolfo Anaya1109 Words   |  5 Pagesare, were and are destined to be. You re mind creates illusions that either further enhance your knowledge on what your purpose in life is or could make you fear it. Dreams are essentially part of the foundation of a persons life. Rudolfo Anaya in the novel Bless me ultima uses the concept of dreams to demonstrate the growth and the loss of innocence Antonio faces from beginning to end. The dreams Antonio has throughout the novel symbolize parts of himself he has to let go of in order to understandRead MoreBless Me Ultima, By Rudolfo Anaya1646 Words   |  7 Pages Bless Me Ultima Bless Me Ultima Author: Rudolfo Anaya LAP Topic 5 Written by : Jason Gutierrez Personal ideologies provide an aspiration for a fools paradise. That endeavor contrived a blindness that makes their perfect world, someone else’s ordeal. Individuals might convoke others for guidance to an explicit ambit to discover their own dogma. However, humanity has a type of ignorance in a sense that compels them to force their own beliefs onto others. Distinct mentalities collideRead MoreBless Me, Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya Essay1338 Words   |  6 PagesMiguel de Unamuno once said, â€Å"Faith which does not doubt is dead faith.† This quote embodies a key element that is explored in the novel Bless Me, Ultima written by Rudolfo Anaya. While reading the Chicano novel Bless Me, Ultima, the reader may begin to question Tony’s reliance on this faith. Tony spends most of the novel questioning God’s reasoning. He also takes a very keen interest in the complexities of the world that surrounds him. While this novel does revolve around the theme of soul-sea rchingRead MoreBless Me Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya1477 Words   |  6 Pagesbrought us into this world? Parents have a tendency to be extremely involved in every step of our lives as they have the right to do so but is it in their jurisdiction to control who we are and who we want to become? In the novel Bless Me Ultima by the author Rudolfo Anaya the debate of how much jurisdiction a parent has over their children is brought up within the reader. In the novel which is told from the perspective of the character Antonio, Antonio’s parents known as Maria and Gabriel have setRead MoreBless Me, Ultima, By Rudolfo Anaya1743 Words   |  7 PagesJohana Y. Polanco Mr. Amoroso English 12AP Pd: 3 LAP Bless Me, Ultima The Classic by Rudolfo Anaya Polanco Page:1 Will he become his own man? In the classic novel Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya the Mà ¡rez family invites Ultima nicknamed â€Å"La Grande† or â€Å"The Grand One,† into their lives for the second time as the sharing of their two worlds begin the stimulating of their youngest son Antonio’s mentality, he discovers life’s secrets and merges into his manhood. For the first time he begins his conflicting

Night Free Essays

Night’s Wrath In the passage Night by Elie Wiesel, Wiesel reveals that during the hard times, you have the will to do what you believe in, through imagery and dialogue brings meaning of Elie and Juliek in their moments between life and death. First, when Juliek says â€Å"Alright Elizer†¦. I’m getting on all right†¦hardly any air. We will write a custom essay sample on Night or any similar topic only for you Order Now . worn out. My feet are swollen. It’s good rest, but my violin†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Dialogue reveals that Juliek still cares about his violin then anything else like food or even his own life. Second, â€Å"It was pitch dark. I could hear only the violin, and it was a s though Juliek’s soul were the bow. He was playing his life, the whole of his life ws gliding on the strings – his lost hopes, his charred past, his extinguished future. He played as he would never play again. † Imagery reveals that he was playing the best he could, his last act, final ending to his life and talent. Also imagery shows that Juliek is playing his soul as if his whole life depended on it, his soul and the violin synchronizing in tune. Third, Elizer says, â€Å"I shall never forget Juliek. How could I forget that concert, given to an audience of dying and dead man! To this day, whenever I hear Beethoven played my eyes close and out of dark rises the sad, pale face of my Polish friend, as he said farewell on his violin to an audience of dying men. Dialogue tells that after he finished Juliek passed away and Elie will never forget this performance, scarred into his memory even when the harsh times come, you have the will to change what’s coming. Finally, after a long cold night, Elie wakes up, â€Å"Near him lay his violin, smashed and trampled, a strange overwhelming little corpse. Juliek’s life was like the violin; somehow they both shared a bond. It was his choice to die, he died heroically, you can have the will to do what you believe in. How to cite Night, Essay examples Night Free Essays In the fascinating memoir Night by Elie Wiesel, he deals with the struggle of surviving, which was devastating since it was during the holocaust. In the memoir Night, Wiesel uses Symbolism, Simile, and Irony in order to illustrate the events during the holocaust. Wiesel’s use of Symbolism helped the reader understand the captivity of the Jews in the concentration camps. We will write a custom essay sample on Night or any similar topic only for you Order Now †Father, I said â€Å"If that is true then I don’t want to wait.I’ll run into the electrified barbed wire. That would be easier than a slow death in the flames. †(33). Wiesel uses his symbolism when he said â€Å"the electrified barbed wire. † It’s being used to show the reader that this is how the atmosphere was during the holocaust. Elie Wiesel, in his autobiography Night, his use of Simile helps the reader to understand the brutal atmosphere of the German Police. There are 80 of you in the car, the German Officer added,† if any of you are missing, you will be shot like dogs. †(24). He uses his simile language when the train (that the Jews were on) stopped and was guarded by two German police officers. It’s being used to portray the atmosphere of the brutal officers of the Germans.In Elie Wiesel’s Night, Wiesel uses Irony in order to help the reader understand the atmosphere on the train which the Jews were on. â€Å"Fire! I see a fire! I see a fire! (24). Wiesel uses the Irony figurative language when the Jews were on the train to the concentration camps. It was being used to illustrate the savage atmosphere of humans being killed in a huge fire! So Wiesel’s use of Symbolism, Simile, and Irony were in fact helped the reader understand all the events that he wrote about during the holocaust. His point view of the holocaust was very graphic! Even though we never knew about this this is a very historical event on this planet. How to cite Night, Papers Night Free Essays Changes between Ell and his father The concentration camps had a very negative effect on the people who ran them and the people in them: â€Å"l had to appear cold and indifferent to events that must have wrung the heart of anyone possessed of human feelings†. The guards questioned the orders they were given but they blocked out their doubts and replaced them with a cold and prideful attitude towards their camps. Throughout the book Night and in the article Commanding a Concentration Camp by Rudolf Hosts, the traders of the camp would act out against the prisoners, causing a negative effect on them and how they treat each other. We will write a custom essay sample on Night or any similar topic only for you Order Now The beatings and punishments would have a negative affect on both the prisoners and the guards. The events and treatments of Ell and his father caused a change in their relationship throughout their time In the camps. In the beginning of the story, Ell and his father are not close. Else’s father Is involved In the community more than In his own family: â€Å"more Involved with the welfare of others than with his own Lie does not have a close relationship with his father because he is too caught up in the community issues. His â€Å"cultured† father comes off cold and distant to his family. He has not had to rely on his family for support because he has been the one to make decisions since everything had been going well. The first camp the Jews arrive at is Bureau. When they arrive the men and women are separated. Ell does not see his mother or sister ever again: † I kept walking, my father holding my hand†(29). This is the second time his father has let down his â€Å"cultured† behavior by showing weakness, the first time being when he cried In front of his family: † My father was crying. It was the first time I saw him Ell allows his father to be dependent on him by holding his hand. The camp causes Lie to grow up quickly and take on the responsibility of taking care of his father. While working in Bunya, Elli and his father are supervised by an unstable man named Ides. One day Ides starts beating Else’s father: â€Å"he seemed to break in two like an old tree struck by Lie watched him get beaten, but he does not do anything: â€Å"l had watched it all happening without moving. I kept Ell does not think of defending his father like he had before when in Bureau: â€Å"only yesterday, I would have dug my nails into this criminal’s flesh†(39). Instead of wanting to defend him, Ell gets angry that his father would not try harder to avoid Ides: â€Å"if I felt anger at that moment, It was not directed at the Kapok but at my father†(54). The camp has made Ell realize he must watch out for himself and that his father deserves what happens; he must also learn to avoid It. Bunya is going to be attacked by the Russians and the prisoners are given the my mind to accompany my father wherever he went†(82). Although Else’s father may slow him down he still cares enough for him to want to stay with him. Lie and his father choose to evacuate with the others and end up in Buchwald. When they arrive they are told once again to line up: † I tightened my grip on my fathers hand†(104). Just like his father had grabbed his hand in the first camp Lie is now reaching for his fathers hand. Although the camps have been harsh and have broken down the prisoners, Lie still has the need to be with his father: â€Å"The old familiar fear: not to lose him†(104). Else’s father is very tired and weak but Lie stays with him anyway and tries to keep him alive. Else’s father is very sick and weak after the long Journey to Buchwald. He is dying. Lie stays with him in the sick room whenever he has the chance. Lie â€Å"grudgingly’ gives his father his soup because his father is so close to death that feeding him is considered a waste of food. Else’s father even runs by him and for a moment does not recognize his own son who has been caring for him. His father becomes delusional and one night he screams out, making too much noise. An officer comes over to his bed and beats him while Ell, again, watches his father be beaten: â€Å"my body was afraid, of another blow, this time to my head†(111). When Lie awakens the next morning he finds that his father is gone: â€Å"Free at last! â€Å"(1 12). Lie does not cry, f anything he is relieved from the burden of his father. The camps made Lie cold and passive towards the fact that his father had died. Lie and his father’s relationship changed throughout their time together in the concentration camps. At first Else’s father was cold and distant but he became dependent on Lie throughout the time in camp. Ell, who had originally respected and depended on his father, ends up taking care of his father and realizes that, although he is a burden, Lie cannot leave him behind. Once Else’s father dies Lie moves on from the death and learns to function without his father. Instead of being saddened by his fathers death Lie is cold and even relieved. Just like the workers of the camp became cold to the fact that many men were being killed around them: â€Å"it was psychologically essential that I myself appear convinced of the necessity for this gruesomely harsh order†, Lie is the one who becomes cold to his fathers death. Else’s father begins the book being a cold and distant father, but after his death Lie becomes cold to his death. The camps caused both workers and prisoners to block out the tragedies that went on within the walls. How to cite Night, Papers

Oil and Gas Production Contracts

Question: Examine and evaluate the key areas and features that governments should focus on during their negotiation process and in the drafting of contracts with the International Oil Companies? Answer: Introduction Nations that are rich in natural resources tend to use the said resources for the process of development. When oil and gas resources are discovered the governments put in a lot of efforts to comprehend the legal, technical as well as viable issues associated therewith. The foremost challenge is the process of negotiation. In this paper, we shall examine the issues that the governments should be careful about during the process of negotiations. The key areas that are required to be emphasized by the Government while negotiating with the oil companies would be analyzed in this paper. Oil-rich countries regard the oil resources of their countries as the property of the country and not of any individual entity notwithstanding the fact that the surface area belongs to any particular individual. The laws of the nations also make provisions to this effect so that the owners of the surface land may not claim the resources lying underneath. To earn revenue for the country the governments try to attract the participation of the international oil companies in the process of exploration. The oil companies negotiate on the basis of the economic, social and political issues prevailing in the oil-rich country. Since the oil companies is better equipped as regards, experience of negotiating with different countries coupled with technical knowhow and experience in the negotiation process the international oil companies appear to be optimistic, stubborn and antagonistic. Thus, it is very important for the oil companies to be extra cautious while negotiating with these companies. Projects concerning mining and exploration have the potential to make a country earn wealth but, unfortunately, most resource-rich nations lack the capability to negotiate with the oil companies so as to derive maximum benefit for their countries. Parameters of Oil Negotiations Oil contracts result as a consequence of direct negotiation between the oil companies and the government of the oil-rich countries. Various issues are associated with oil contracts. The governments mostly have an indecisive attitude in the process of negotiation. Such indecisiveness of the oil companies in the process of negotiation results from the paucity of consciousness regarding the oil field, inability to make predictions for future and lack of technical knowhow. When the governments engage in oil negotiations, they must keep in mind the following important factors. The cost of exploration, the size of oil fields and the changing markets, etc. Enough attention is not paid by the oil companies to these aspects irrespective of their severe interest. The governments of the oil producing nations have a lot at stake as regards these oil negotiations. The usual practice of the Governments is to engage experts Issues that arise in the Process of Negotiation The various issues that arise in the process of negotiation of oil contracts are of broadly two heads; the factors that are usually overlooked in the process of negotiation and the other is the conflict zone (3 oil gas contracts for Aker Kvaerner, 2007). The factors that are generally overlooked include the economic, social, political and environmental issues. The significant issues may be discussed as follows; Time Factor Factors that are time responsive are very crucial for oil contracts. These include the oil price in the market which varies with time, the economic and political condition of the host country, the possibility of varying the said factors depending on the change of these factors. The oil contracts must be drafted with such expertise that would enable it to survive the test of time. The terms should be such that it makes provision for changes depending on foreseeable and unforeseeable demands. In a nutshell, the contracts must be responsive to the changes in circumstances. As an example, we may cite the case of Norway. To entice the international oil companies, it introduced such taxation provisions that were very much profitable for the oil companies. Without such enticing provisions, it would have been difficult to attract the participation of the oil companies to such geologically taxing terrains (Babusiaux, 2004). Dealing with Indigenous Communities Though the oil companies and the governments of the oil-rich nations are the direct parties to the oil contracts, other classes of individuals are also greatly influenced as a consequence of the oil contracts. These are the indigenous communities of the host countries. These indigenous communities expect to be compensated for the use and disturbance that is caused to their property as a result of the oil exploration projects (Bantekas, 2009). The government should keep in mind the interests of these groups while negotiating with the companies. Transparency The process of negotiation must be transparent. In fact, public acceptance of the contracts depends upon the transparency of the process of negotiation. By transparency, we mean the disclosure of the contractual price and terms. But at the same time certain aspects must be kept confidential (Bhattacharyya, 2009). Transparency also serves the purpose of dealing with corruptions in the negotiation process. As a consequence of transparency, the government officials deter from including such terms in the contracts that might be subjected to criticism by the public. Conflict of Interest In negotiation of these contracts, conflict of interests is often witnessed. The Government, on the one hand, is expected to induce the participation of the oil companies so as to increase the revenue of the country which in turn would lead to employment generation and economic growth. On the other hand, as the government is a party to an international contract the government acts as a business entity with the prime intention of maximization of profit (Bindemann, 2000). Thus, the Government is supposed to maximize profits and at the same time act as a regulator of its own conduct. Thus, the contracts must be drafted keeping in mind these factors. Expert Negotiators The Government should be extra cautious while selecting the members of the negotiating team. Negotiation must be treated casually as it is more of an art than just a process. It involves undertaking good tactics, making a good plan and also the capability of segregation of nonnegotiable factors from negotiable factors. Negotiable factors mainly include compensation whereas nonnegotiable factors include regulations and consideration of the concerns of the oil companies. The Governments is in a vulnerable position in the negotiation process as compared to the oil companies (Cardella, n.d.). As far as skills, technical knowhow and financial status is concerned the position of the oil companies is far better. It is thus desirable that the governments treat the process of negotiation seriously and appoint highly skilled professionals in the negotiating team. It is essential for the oil companies to employ skilled personnel to negotiate the terms of the contract. The purpose behind these negotiations is to reach a mutually agreeable balance between the interests of the host country and also the concerned oil company. This purpose would not be served without employing successful negotiators. The companies would end up incorporating such provisions that are favorable to them (Crump, n.d.). Forms of Contract There are several types of contracts that the governments may enter into so as to give effect to the negotiation process. There are mainly four types of contracts which may be which the governments and the oil companies may elect to enter into. These four types of contracts have been discussed as under; License Agreements License or Concession Agreements give an opportunity to the oil companies the right to develop, explore, export and sell the oil which has been extracted from a specific oil field over which the said oil company has procured exclusive extractive rights for the particular period. In order to give effect to these contracts the lawyers, as well as economic and financial advisors must be included in the negotiation process of these types of contracts. In these type of contracts, the governments draft the contracts in accordance with the laws of its own country and then opens the terms for the companies to bid. The company that succeeds in the negotiation process is required to pay to the government of the host country a licensing fee. This fee is retained by the government notwithstanding production. In case, production takes place the host country would receive compensation in the form of royalty and income tax. The oil company bears all the risks associated with the exploration process . The government is at an advantageous position in these types of contracts (Ghandi and Lin, 2014). Production Sharing Agreement (also referred to as PSA') In these types of agreements the ownership of oil vests in the citizens of the host country and not on private entities. As in the case of licensing agreements even in these type of contracts, the developmental and managerial responsibilities of the oil fields are borne by the oil companies(Jennings, 2002). The risks are also borne by the oil companies. In this case as well the host government may earn signing bonus but in most cases the said right is waived by the companies so as to earn future profits. The government, however, must compensate the host government as regards the capital investment as well as expenses of operation. After the said deduction, the rest is divided between the government and the company in the agreed ratio and the burden of paying taxes is borne by the company out of its share of profits. The successes of these types of contracts are greatly dependent upon the solidarity of the domestic legal framework of the host country. If the legal system cannot rely o n then, the PSA ought to be drafted in such a manner that the agreement may become the law itself (Mahmud and Russell, 2002). Joint Venture Agreement One of the prime requirements of a joint venture agreement is that both parties concerned must be well aware of the goals and modes of conducting business of each other. This is a very important aspect, in order to render a joint venture agreement successful. This type of agreement does not evoke the interest of either party in case of oil and natural gas exploration. However, the government of the host country has the advantage of relying on the decision-making power of the oil companies under this type of agreement and does not have to make decisions all by itself. The profits accumulated out of the exploration project are shared between the company and government. But, the flip side to this is that the government also has to share the risks together with the company. Under this type of contract, the government of the host country is directly involved in the process of exploration (Marshall, 2003). Service Agreements The parties also have the option of entering into service agreements which makes way for disbursement. This type of agreement is not very common in the exploration field (Martin, 2009). Terms of Contract The below-stated terms may be commonly incorporated in any type of exploration contract. Plan of Work The oil companies have a tendency of shelving or delaying exploration projects, in case, they feel that the said project would not be much profitable for them. As a safeguard against such steps taken by the companies, the governments should lay emphasis upon the incorporation of such terms in the contract which unambiguously lay down the circumstances under which the project may be delayed or shelved (Mosburg, 1983). Stabilization Clause Governments should try and avoid the inclusion of stabilization clauses in the oil contracts because they are not very useful to the governments of the host countries (Oil and gas exploration and production: reserves, costs, contracts, 2005). In effect, these clauses restrict the application of the laws of the host country to the exploration project. Parties The government should not itself become a direct party to the exploration contracts as it will have to bear direct and unlimited liability, in such a case. It is advisable that the government enters into such contracts indirectly, by way of making any of the government enterprise a party(OIL AND GAS: New Contracts, 2008). Government Mission in connection with Negotiation The development of the country should be the sole mission and vision of the government for entering into these exploration contracts. The exploration projects generate huge profits and the Governments should aim at the welfare of the people of the country out of such profits. Moreover, the government may also require the oil companies which are huge financial reserves to donate funds for the infrastructural development of the country. The oil companies are profit oriented. They try to negotiate in such a manner so as to maximize profits as much as possible. It is the responsibility of the government to try and make maximum out of the negotiation process as in the contrary, the company would take away the major portion of the profit and the country would not be able to develop (Pongsiri, 2004). Thus, the government should emphasize the incorporation of certain specific elements in the contract. These may include the following; Employment Exploration projects require huge manpower. The indigenous communities would be highly benefitted if they are offered jobs in the exploration projects. As a consequence, the problem of unemployment o the country may be done away with (Razavi, 1989). The oil companies also are benefitted by these clauses because they would be able to mobilize local and cheap labor. Sustainable Development Since oil and natural gas are such resources which may deplete faster than regeneration, the governments must ensure that the companies are not extracting such levels of oil or natural gases that the conserves would deplete. Corporate Social Responsibility (also referred as CSR) The governments should emphasis that the oil companies perform their CSR while undertaking the project in the host country. Such provisions should be clearly incorporated in the contract (Thornton, 1912). Mechanism for Dispute Resolution The mechanism for dispute resolution must be unambiguously laid down in the contract. There are various modes of dispute resolution which the parties may decide to adopt. The parties may opt to settle their disputes through formal court proceedings or outside the traditional court proceedings. Since court proceeding are time consuming, it is advisable that the parties opt for alternative dispute resolution mechanisms as a mode of dispute resolution (Tade, 1989). The major problem with court proceedings is that the oil contracts are made at an international level and the application of the laws of the host country is not always possible. The aspect of enforceability becomes questionable in such a case. On the other hand, the parties may easily take resort to arbitration, mediation, conciliation for dispute resolution. International Commercial Arbitration laws are the most widely used mode of dispute resolution in the international context. Under this system, the parties are at liberty to chose the rules applicable, the adjudicators, place of arbitration, etc. A lot remains within the powers of the parties. The procedures are also user friendly (Soyer and Tettenborn, n.d.). Conclusion From the above discussion, we may conclude that various aspects must be considered and taken care of by the government while negotiating exploration contracts with the international oil companies. The only intention of the oil companies is to make as much profit as possible, thus, it is the duty of the government to ensure that the contract turns out to be beneficial for the country. The government should keep in mind all the above stated aspects while negotiating. The sole purpose should be to get a good bargain out of the negotiation process. References 3 oil gas contracts for Aker Kvaerner. (2007). Pump Industry Analyst, 2007(8), p.3. Babusiaux, D. (2004). Oil and gas exploration and production. Paris: Editions Technip. Bantekas, I. (2009). Oil and Gas Production Contracts. The Journal of World Energy Law Business, 2(3), pp.263-264. Bhattacharyya, S. (2009). Oil and Gas Production Contracts, Volume 1. 1st ed.20094Edited by Anthony Jennings. Oil and Gas Production Contracts, Volume 1. 1st ed. . London: Sweet and Maxwell, Thomson Reuters (Legal) Limited 2008. , ISBN: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 978à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 84703à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 750à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 3 ix +398 pp. Int J of Energy Sector Man, 3(4), pp.428-430. Bindemann, K. (2000). The response of oil contracts to extreme price movements. Oxford: Dept. of Economics [Oxford University]. Cardella, E. (n.d.). Negotiating Flexible Prices. SSRN Electronic Journal. Crump, L. (n.d.). Negotiating Climate Change. SSRN Electronic Journal. Ghandi, A. and Lin, C. (2014). Oil and gas service contracts around the world: A review. Energy Strategy Reviews, 3, pp.63-71. Jennings, A. (2002). Oil and gas exploration contracts. London: Sweet Maxwell. Mahmud, M. and Russell, A. (2002). Evidence that the terms of petroleum contracts influence the rate of development of oil fields. OPEC Review, 26(1), pp.21-44. Marshall, A. (2003). Negotiating Transcendence. Ethnologies, 25(1), p.5. Martin, T. (2009). Oil and Gas Exploration Contracts. The Journal of World Energy Law Business, 2(2), pp.173-174. Mosburg, L. (1983). Contracts used in oil and gas operations. Oklahoma City, Okla.: Institute for Energy Development. Oil and gas exploration and production: reserves, costs, contracts. (2005). Choice Reviews Online, 42(07), pp.42-4042-42-4042. OIL AND GAS: New Contracts. (2008). Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series, 45(3), pp.17792B-17792C. Pongsiri, N. (2004). Partnerships in oil and gas productionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ sharing contracts. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 17(5), pp.431-442. Razavi, H. (1989). The new era of petroleum trading. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Soyer, B. and Tettenborn, A. (n.d.). Offshore contracts and liabilities. Tade, J. (1989). Drafting indemnity provisions in oil and gas contracts. [Chicago, Ill.]: Section of Natural Resources, Energy, and Environmental Law, American Bar Association. Thornton, W. (1912). The law relating to oil and gas. Cincinnati: W.H. Anderson.