Bless Me, Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya - 1002 Words

In the novel Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya, Antonio matures a great deal for his age due to the violent actions he is surrounded by. In the beginning of the novel the main character Antonio Marez, who was just six years old at the time, lives in a small town located in New Mexico. He lives with his parents, Maria and Gabriel, and two sisters, Deborah and Theresa. Tony also has three older brothers, but they are off fighting at War. During this time an older women by the name of La Grande, or Ultima, travels a long distance to come spend her last days with the Marez family. Ultima has a connection with the Tony like no other. She has such strong and unique relationship, emotionally and spiritually, with Tony because she delivered†¦show more content†¦Antonio not only witnesses Narciso s death, but he has to show just how responsible he is, due to the fact that Narciso pleaded to be saved by him. As everyone knew, Tony was leaning to become a priest when he grows up. S eeing as how Narciso knew this, he asked Tony to save him and for him to confess before he dies. Instead of being honored by this,Tony is now baffled and begins to question his faith in God. Before Narciso takes his last breath he uttered â€Å"Muchacho... I need confession... I am dying...Then pray for me...you are pure of heart-† â€Å"Thank you, father I will sin no more.† (Anaya 178) Growing up, Florence did not have what most children had. He in fact grew up without his mother and father. He always mentioned that he did not believe in God based on the fact that his parent both died. He thought how could God take a child s parents from them so young. Despite the fact that Tony was a massive believer in God, he still proceeded to be friends with Florence. One day, Florence was swimming in Blue Lake, he made his way to the back of the Lake. Kids were not allowed to be in this area but for some reason he went anyways. He was with a few boys from school and they noticed he had not came up in a while.When his body came a float, they noticed his arm had barbed wire so he must have been held down. Cico and Tony arrived to see the Golden carp but got unexpected news that their friendShow MoreRelated`` Bless Me, Ultima `` By Rudolfo Anaya983 Words   |  4 PagesRudolfo Anaya, author of â€Å"Bless Me, Ultima†, uses countless examples of folk-lore all throughout his novel. In doing so, he gives his readers great insight to the Mexican-American culture of the 1940’s during World War II, and how different the culture is than how most people are raised. The folk-lore Anaya used most effectively throughout â€Å"Bless Me, Ultima† is; the whole idea of growing up and becoming a man, beliefs of witchcraft, children losing their innocence and the characters religious beliefsRead MoreBless Me Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya1463 Words   |  6 PagesB. Reyes 1 Bless Me Ultima Rudolfo Anaya L.A.P. Topic #4 Bairon Reyes Luna Mr. Amoroso Pd. 3 A.P. Literature 09/25/17 B. Reyes 2 In our hesitant humanly efforts to accept the ultimate fate, we find a painful truth, an agonizing indisputable fact that our lives must end, the way good days ends with peaceful sleep. Wistfully, we fail to discern the ironic beauty that is hidden, as we scramble to understand the superficial. This logical desire to understand its existence, and its necessity in our realityRead MoreBless Me Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya1730 Words   |  7 PagesBless Me Ultima Rudolfo Anaya Shaleah Mayo Topic 4 AP Literature Mr. Amoroso Period 1  What do you want to be when you grow up? A question that is always asked to a young child or young adult. You never truly know until you grow up and experience life for yourself. You live your life in search of what you like or don’t like; what you believe in or don’t believe in. Growing up and finding your way is something all children experience, but what if your way of life is already planned out forRead MoreBless Me Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya1380 Words   |  6 Pages Bless Me Ultima Topic #2 Abid Ahmad Abid Ahmad #1 An essential part of someone s life is a place where they are left alone with their own thoughts, not being judged by anyone or anything outside of them. In many cases, this sense of safety can only be found within themselves, because their world is being torn apart by outside influences that have little regard for their own perspective. Similarly, this is ever-present with Antonio and his family in the book Bless Me Ultima byRead MoreBless Me, Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya1361 Words   |  6 Pagescan expand our thoughts to a multitude of different subjects and force us to be a slave to our dreams, such as facing parental pressure, religious ambivalence and the loss of one s innocence. This is true of Antonio Marez in the novel Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya. Antonio has lost control and begins to succumb to his dreams and loses control of himself. He battles his expectations given to him by his parents and also at the same time has another battle within himself. He is confused in w hereRead More`` Bless Me Ultima `` By Rudolfo Anaya1109 Words   |  5 Pagesare, were and are destined to be. You re mind creates illusions that either further enhance your knowledge on what your purpose in life is or could make you fear it. Dreams are essentially part of the foundation of a persons life. Rudolfo Anaya in the novel Bless me ultima uses the concept of dreams to demonstrate the growth and the loss of innocence Antonio faces from beginning to end. The dreams Antonio has throughout the novel symbolize parts of himself he has to let go of in order to understandRead MoreBless Me Ultima, By Rudolfo Anaya1646 Words   |  7 Pages Bless Me Ultima Bless Me Ultima Author: Rudolfo Anaya LAP Topic 5 Written by : Jason Gutierrez Personal ideologies provide an aspiration for a fools paradise. That endeavor contrived a blindness that makes their perfect world, someone else’s ordeal. Individuals might convoke others for guidance to an explicit ambit to discover their own dogma. However, humanity has a type of ignorance in a sense that compels them to force their own beliefs onto others. Distinct mentalities collideRead MoreBless Me, Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya Essay1338 Words   |  6 PagesMiguel de Unamuno once said, â€Å"Faith which does not doubt is dead faith.† This quote embodies a key element that is explored in the novel Bless Me, Ultima written by Rudolfo Anaya. While reading the Chicano novel Bless Me, Ultima, the reader may begin to question Tony’s reliance on this faith. Tony spends most of the novel questioning God’s reasoning. He also takes a very keen interest in the complexities of the world that surrounds him. While this novel does revolve around the theme of soul-sea rchingRead MoreBless Me Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya1477 Words   |  6 Pagesbrought us into this world? Parents have a tendency to be extremely involved in every step of our lives as they have the right to do so but is it in their jurisdiction to control who we are and who we want to become? In the novel Bless Me Ultima by the author Rudolfo Anaya the debate of how much jurisdiction a parent has over their children is brought up within the reader. In the novel which is told from the perspective of the character Antonio, Antonio’s parents known as Maria and Gabriel have setRead MoreBless Me, Ultima, By Rudolfo Anaya1743 Words   |  7 PagesJohana Y. Polanco Mr. Amoroso English 12AP Pd: 3 LAP Bless Me, Ultima The Classic by Rudolfo Anaya Polanco Page:1 Will he become his own man? In the classic novel Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya the Mà ¡rez family invites Ultima nicknamed â€Å"La Grande† or â€Å"The Grand One,† into their lives for the second time as the sharing of their two worlds begin the stimulating of their youngest son Antonio’s mentality, he discovers life’s secrets and merges into his manhood. For the first time he begins his conflicting

Night Free Essays

Night’s Wrath In the passage Night by Elie Wiesel, Wiesel reveals that during the hard times, you have the will to do what you believe in, through imagery and dialogue brings meaning of Elie and Juliek in their moments between life and death. First, when Juliek says â€Å"Alright Elizer†¦. I’m getting on all right†¦hardly any air. We will write a custom essay sample on Night or any similar topic only for you Order Now . worn out. My feet are swollen. It’s good rest, but my violin†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Dialogue reveals that Juliek still cares about his violin then anything else like food or even his own life. Second, â€Å"It was pitch dark. I could hear only the violin, and it was a s though Juliek’s soul were the bow. He was playing his life, the whole of his life ws gliding on the strings – his lost hopes, his charred past, his extinguished future. He played as he would never play again. † Imagery reveals that he was playing the best he could, his last act, final ending to his life and talent. Also imagery shows that Juliek is playing his soul as if his whole life depended on it, his soul and the violin synchronizing in tune. Third, Elizer says, â€Å"I shall never forget Juliek. How could I forget that concert, given to an audience of dying and dead man! To this day, whenever I hear Beethoven played my eyes close and out of dark rises the sad, pale face of my Polish friend, as he said farewell on his violin to an audience of dying men. Dialogue tells that after he finished Juliek passed away and Elie will never forget this performance, scarred into his memory even when the harsh times come, you have the will to change what’s coming. Finally, after a long cold night, Elie wakes up, â€Å"Near him lay his violin, smashed and trampled, a strange overwhelming little corpse. Juliek’s life was like the violin; somehow they both shared a bond. It was his choice to die, he died heroically, you can have the will to do what you believe in. How to cite Night, Essay examples Night Free Essays In the fascinating memoir Night by Elie Wiesel, he deals with the struggle of surviving, which was devastating since it was during the holocaust. In the memoir Night, Wiesel uses Symbolism, Simile, and Irony in order to illustrate the events during the holocaust. Wiesel’s use of Symbolism helped the reader understand the captivity of the Jews in the concentration camps. We will write a custom essay sample on Night or any similar topic only for you Order Now †Father, I said â€Å"If that is true then I don’t want to wait.I’ll run into the electrified barbed wire. That would be easier than a slow death in the flames. †(33). Wiesel uses his symbolism when he said â€Å"the electrified barbed wire. † It’s being used to show the reader that this is how the atmosphere was during the holocaust. Elie Wiesel, in his autobiography Night, his use of Simile helps the reader to understand the brutal atmosphere of the German Police. There are 80 of you in the car, the German Officer added,† if any of you are missing, you will be shot like dogs. †(24). He uses his simile language when the train (that the Jews were on) stopped and was guarded by two German police officers. It’s being used to portray the atmosphere of the brutal officers of the Germans.In Elie Wiesel’s Night, Wiesel uses Irony in order to help the reader understand the atmosphere on the train which the Jews were on. â€Å"Fire! I see a fire! I see a fire! (24). Wiesel uses the Irony figurative language when the Jews were on the train to the concentration camps. It was being used to illustrate the savage atmosphere of humans being killed in a huge fire! So Wiesel’s use of Symbolism, Simile, and Irony were in fact helped the reader understand all the events that he wrote about during the holocaust. His point view of the holocaust was very graphic! Even though we never knew about this this is a very historical event on this planet. How to cite Night, Papers Night Free Essays Changes between Ell and his father The concentration camps had a very negative effect on the people who ran them and the people in them: â€Å"l had to appear cold and indifferent to events that must have wrung the heart of anyone possessed of human feelings†. The guards questioned the orders they were given but they blocked out their doubts and replaced them with a cold and prideful attitude towards their camps. Throughout the book Night and in the article Commanding a Concentration Camp by Rudolf Hosts, the traders of the camp would act out against the prisoners, causing a negative effect on them and how they treat each other. We will write a custom essay sample on Night or any similar topic only for you Order Now The beatings and punishments would have a negative affect on both the prisoners and the guards. The events and treatments of Ell and his father caused a change in their relationship throughout their time In the camps. In the beginning of the story, Ell and his father are not close. Else’s father Is involved In the community more than In his own family: â€Å"more Involved with the welfare of others than with his own Lie does not have a close relationship with his father because he is too caught up in the community issues. His â€Å"cultured† father comes off cold and distant to his family. He has not had to rely on his family for support because he has been the one to make decisions since everything had been going well. The first camp the Jews arrive at is Bureau. When they arrive the men and women are separated. Ell does not see his mother or sister ever again: † I kept walking, my father holding my hand†(29). This is the second time his father has let down his â€Å"cultured† behavior by showing weakness, the first time being when he cried In front of his family: † My father was crying. It was the first time I saw him Ell allows his father to be dependent on him by holding his hand. The camp causes Lie to grow up quickly and take on the responsibility of taking care of his father. While working in Bunya, Elli and his father are supervised by an unstable man named Ides. One day Ides starts beating Else’s father: â€Å"he seemed to break in two like an old tree struck by Lie watched him get beaten, but he does not do anything: â€Å"l had watched it all happening without moving. I kept Ell does not think of defending his father like he had before when in Bureau: â€Å"only yesterday, I would have dug my nails into this criminal’s flesh†(39). Instead of wanting to defend him, Ell gets angry that his father would not try harder to avoid Ides: â€Å"if I felt anger at that moment, It was not directed at the Kapok but at my father†(54). The camp has made Ell realize he must watch out for himself and that his father deserves what happens; he must also learn to avoid It. Bunya is going to be attacked by the Russians and the prisoners are given the my mind to accompany my father wherever he went†(82). Although Else’s father may slow him down he still cares enough for him to want to stay with him. Lie and his father choose to evacuate with the others and end up in Buchwald. When they arrive they are told once again to line up: † I tightened my grip on my fathers hand†(104). Just like his father had grabbed his hand in the first camp Lie is now reaching for his fathers hand. Although the camps have been harsh and have broken down the prisoners, Lie still has the need to be with his father: â€Å"The old familiar fear: not to lose him†(104). Else’s father is very tired and weak but Lie stays with him anyway and tries to keep him alive. Else’s father is very sick and weak after the long Journey to Buchwald. He is dying. Lie stays with him in the sick room whenever he has the chance. Lie â€Å"grudgingly’ gives his father his soup because his father is so close to death that feeding him is considered a waste of food. Else’s father even runs by him and for a moment does not recognize his own son who has been caring for him. His father becomes delusional and one night he screams out, making too much noise. An officer comes over to his bed and beats him while Ell, again, watches his father be beaten: â€Å"my body was afraid, of another blow, this time to my head†(111). When Lie awakens the next morning he finds that his father is gone: â€Å"Free at last! â€Å"(1 12). Lie does not cry, f anything he is relieved from the burden of his father. The camps made Lie cold and passive towards the fact that his father had died. Lie and his father’s relationship changed throughout their time together in the concentration camps. At first Else’s father was cold and distant but he became dependent on Lie throughout the time in camp. Ell, who had originally respected and depended on his father, ends up taking care of his father and realizes that, although he is a burden, Lie cannot leave him behind. Once Else’s father dies Lie moves on from the death and learns to function without his father. Instead of being saddened by his fathers death Lie is cold and even relieved. Just like the workers of the camp became cold to the fact that many men were being killed around them: â€Å"it was psychologically essential that I myself appear convinced of the necessity for this gruesomely harsh order†, Lie is the one who becomes cold to his fathers death. Else’s father begins the book being a cold and distant father, but after his death Lie becomes cold to his death. The camps caused both workers and prisoners to block out the tragedies that went on within the walls. How to cite Night, Papers

Oil and Gas Production Contracts

Question: Examine and evaluate the key areas and features that governments should focus on during their negotiation process and in the drafting of contracts with the International Oil Companies? Answer: Introduction Nations that are rich in natural resources tend to use the said resources for the process of development. When oil and gas resources are discovered the governments put in a lot of efforts to comprehend the legal, technical as well as viable issues associated therewith. The foremost challenge is the process of negotiation. In this paper, we shall examine the issues that the governments should be careful about during the process of negotiations. The key areas that are required to be emphasized by the Government while negotiating with the oil companies would be analyzed in this paper. Oil-rich countries regard the oil resources of their countries as the property of the country and not of any individual entity notwithstanding the fact that the surface area belongs to any particular individual. The laws of the nations also make provisions to this effect so that the owners of the surface land may not claim the resources lying underneath. To earn revenue for the country the governments try to attract the participation of the international oil companies in the process of exploration. The oil companies negotiate on the basis of the economic, social and political issues prevailing in the oil-rich country. Since the oil companies is better equipped as regards, experience of negotiating with different countries coupled with technical knowhow and experience in the negotiation process the international oil companies appear to be optimistic, stubborn and antagonistic. Thus, it is very important for the oil companies to be extra cautious while negotiating with these companies. Projects concerning mining and exploration have the potential to make a country earn wealth but, unfortunately, most resource-rich nations lack the capability to negotiate with the oil companies so as to derive maximum benefit for their countries. Parameters of Oil Negotiations Oil contracts result as a consequence of direct negotiation between the oil companies and the government of the oil-rich countries. Various issues are associated with oil contracts. The governments mostly have an indecisive attitude in the process of negotiation. Such indecisiveness of the oil companies in the process of negotiation results from the paucity of consciousness regarding the oil field, inability to make predictions for future and lack of technical knowhow. When the governments engage in oil negotiations, they must keep in mind the following important factors. The cost of exploration, the size of oil fields and the changing markets, etc. Enough attention is not paid by the oil companies to these aspects irrespective of their severe interest. The governments of the oil producing nations have a lot at stake as regards these oil negotiations. The usual practice of the Governments is to engage experts Issues that arise in the Process of Negotiation The various issues that arise in the process of negotiation of oil contracts are of broadly two heads; the factors that are usually overlooked in the process of negotiation and the other is the conflict zone (3 oil gas contracts for Aker Kvaerner, 2007). The factors that are generally overlooked include the economic, social, political and environmental issues. The significant issues may be discussed as follows; Time Factor Factors that are time responsive are very crucial for oil contracts. These include the oil price in the market which varies with time, the economic and political condition of the host country, the possibility of varying the said factors depending on the change of these factors. The oil contracts must be drafted with such expertise that would enable it to survive the test of time. The terms should be such that it makes provision for changes depending on foreseeable and unforeseeable demands. In a nutshell, the contracts must be responsive to the changes in circumstances. As an example, we may cite the case of Norway. To entice the international oil companies, it introduced such taxation provisions that were very much profitable for the oil companies. Without such enticing provisions, it would have been difficult to attract the participation of the oil companies to such geologically taxing terrains (Babusiaux, 2004). Dealing with Indigenous Communities Though the oil companies and the governments of the oil-rich nations are the direct parties to the oil contracts, other classes of individuals are also greatly influenced as a consequence of the oil contracts. These are the indigenous communities of the host countries. These indigenous communities expect to be compensated for the use and disturbance that is caused to their property as a result of the oil exploration projects (Bantekas, 2009). The government should keep in mind the interests of these groups while negotiating with the companies. Transparency The process of negotiation must be transparent. In fact, public acceptance of the contracts depends upon the transparency of the process of negotiation. By transparency, we mean the disclosure of the contractual price and terms. But at the same time certain aspects must be kept confidential (Bhattacharyya, 2009). Transparency also serves the purpose of dealing with corruptions in the negotiation process. As a consequence of transparency, the government officials deter from including such terms in the contracts that might be subjected to criticism by the public. Conflict of Interest In negotiation of these contracts, conflict of interests is often witnessed. The Government, on the one hand, is expected to induce the participation of the oil companies so as to increase the revenue of the country which in turn would lead to employment generation and economic growth. On the other hand, as the government is a party to an international contract the government acts as a business entity with the prime intention of maximization of profit (Bindemann, 2000). Thus, the Government is supposed to maximize profits and at the same time act as a regulator of its own conduct. Thus, the contracts must be drafted keeping in mind these factors. Expert Negotiators The Government should be extra cautious while selecting the members of the negotiating team. Negotiation must be treated casually as it is more of an art than just a process. It involves undertaking good tactics, making a good plan and also the capability of segregation of nonnegotiable factors from negotiable factors. Negotiable factors mainly include compensation whereas nonnegotiable factors include regulations and consideration of the concerns of the oil companies. The Governments is in a vulnerable position in the negotiation process as compared to the oil companies (Cardella, n.d.). As far as skills, technical knowhow and financial status is concerned the position of the oil companies is far better. It is thus desirable that the governments treat the process of negotiation seriously and appoint highly skilled professionals in the negotiating team. It is essential for the oil companies to employ skilled personnel to negotiate the terms of the contract. The purpose behind these negotiations is to reach a mutually agreeable balance between the interests of the host country and also the concerned oil company. This purpose would not be served without employing successful negotiators. The companies would end up incorporating such provisions that are favorable to them (Crump, n.d.). Forms of Contract There are several types of contracts that the governments may enter into so as to give effect to the negotiation process. There are mainly four types of contracts which may be which the governments and the oil companies may elect to enter into. These four types of contracts have been discussed as under; License Agreements License or Concession Agreements give an opportunity to the oil companies the right to develop, explore, export and sell the oil which has been extracted from a specific oil field over which the said oil company has procured exclusive extractive rights for the particular period. In order to give effect to these contracts the lawyers, as well as economic and financial advisors must be included in the negotiation process of these types of contracts. In these type of contracts, the governments draft the contracts in accordance with the laws of its own country and then opens the terms for the companies to bid. The company that succeeds in the negotiation process is required to pay to the government of the host country a licensing fee. This fee is retained by the government notwithstanding production. In case, production takes place the host country would receive compensation in the form of royalty and income tax. The oil company bears all the risks associated with the exploration process . The government is at an advantageous position in these types of contracts (Ghandi and Lin, 2014). Production Sharing Agreement (also referred to as PSA') In these types of agreements the ownership of oil vests in the citizens of the host country and not on private entities. As in the case of licensing agreements even in these type of contracts, the developmental and managerial responsibilities of the oil fields are borne by the oil companies(Jennings, 2002). The risks are also borne by the oil companies. In this case as well the host government may earn signing bonus but in most cases the said right is waived by the companies so as to earn future profits. The government, however, must compensate the host government as regards the capital investment as well as expenses of operation. After the said deduction, the rest is divided between the government and the company in the agreed ratio and the burden of paying taxes is borne by the company out of its share of profits. The successes of these types of contracts are greatly dependent upon the solidarity of the domestic legal framework of the host country. If the legal system cannot rely o n then, the PSA ought to be drafted in such a manner that the agreement may become the law itself (Mahmud and Russell, 2002). Joint Venture Agreement One of the prime requirements of a joint venture agreement is that both parties concerned must be well aware of the goals and modes of conducting business of each other. This is a very important aspect, in order to render a joint venture agreement successful. This type of agreement does not evoke the interest of either party in case of oil and natural gas exploration. However, the government of the host country has the advantage of relying on the decision-making power of the oil companies under this type of agreement and does not have to make decisions all by itself. The profits accumulated out of the exploration project are shared between the company and government. But, the flip side to this is that the government also has to share the risks together with the company. Under this type of contract, the government of the host country is directly involved in the process of exploration (Marshall, 2003). Service Agreements The parties also have the option of entering into service agreements which makes way for disbursement. This type of agreement is not very common in the exploration field (Martin, 2009). Terms of Contract The below-stated terms may be commonly incorporated in any type of exploration contract. Plan of Work The oil companies have a tendency of shelving or delaying exploration projects, in case, they feel that the said project would not be much profitable for them. As a safeguard against such steps taken by the companies, the governments should lay emphasis upon the incorporation of such terms in the contract which unambiguously lay down the circumstances under which the project may be delayed or shelved (Mosburg, 1983). Stabilization Clause Governments should try and avoid the inclusion of stabilization clauses in the oil contracts because they are not very useful to the governments of the host countries (Oil and gas exploration and production: reserves, costs, contracts, 2005). In effect, these clauses restrict the application of the laws of the host country to the exploration project. Parties The government should not itself become a direct party to the exploration contracts as it will have to bear direct and unlimited liability, in such a case. It is advisable that the government enters into such contracts indirectly, by way of making any of the government enterprise a party(OIL AND GAS: New Contracts, 2008). Government Mission in connection with Negotiation The development of the country should be the sole mission and vision of the government for entering into these exploration contracts. The exploration projects generate huge profits and the Governments should aim at the welfare of the people of the country out of such profits. Moreover, the government may also require the oil companies which are huge financial reserves to donate funds for the infrastructural development of the country. The oil companies are profit oriented. They try to negotiate in such a manner so as to maximize profits as much as possible. It is the responsibility of the government to try and make maximum out of the negotiation process as in the contrary, the company would take away the major portion of the profit and the country would not be able to develop (Pongsiri, 2004). Thus, the government should emphasize the incorporation of certain specific elements in the contract. These may include the following; Employment Exploration projects require huge manpower. The indigenous communities would be highly benefitted if they are offered jobs in the exploration projects. As a consequence, the problem of unemployment o the country may be done away with (Razavi, 1989). The oil companies also are benefitted by these clauses because they would be able to mobilize local and cheap labor. Sustainable Development Since oil and natural gas are such resources which may deplete faster than regeneration, the governments must ensure that the companies are not extracting such levels of oil or natural gases that the conserves would deplete. Corporate Social Responsibility (also referred as CSR) The governments should emphasis that the oil companies perform their CSR while undertaking the project in the host country. Such provisions should be clearly incorporated in the contract (Thornton, 1912). Mechanism for Dispute Resolution The mechanism for dispute resolution must be unambiguously laid down in the contract. There are various modes of dispute resolution which the parties may decide to adopt. The parties may opt to settle their disputes through formal court proceedings or outside the traditional court proceedings. Since court proceeding are time consuming, it is advisable that the parties opt for alternative dispute resolution mechanisms as a mode of dispute resolution (Tade, 1989). The major problem with court proceedings is that the oil contracts are made at an international level and the application of the laws of the host country is not always possible. The aspect of enforceability becomes questionable in such a case. On the other hand, the parties may easily take resort to arbitration, mediation, conciliation for dispute resolution. International Commercial Arbitration laws are the most widely used mode of dispute resolution in the international context. Under this system, the parties are at liberty to chose the rules applicable, the adjudicators, place of arbitration, etc. A lot remains within the powers of the parties. The procedures are also user friendly (Soyer and Tettenborn, n.d.). Conclusion From the above discussion, we may conclude that various aspects must be considered and taken care of by the government while negotiating exploration contracts with the international oil companies. The only intention of the oil companies is to make as much profit as possible, thus, it is the duty of the government to ensure that the contract turns out to be beneficial for the country. The government should keep in mind all the above stated aspects while negotiating. The sole purpose should be to get a good bargain out of the negotiation process. References 3 oil gas contracts for Aker Kvaerner. (2007). Pump Industry Analyst, 2007(8), p.3. Babusiaux, D. (2004). Oil and gas exploration and production. Paris: Editions Technip. Bantekas, I. (2009). Oil and Gas Production Contracts. The Journal of World Energy Law Business, 2(3), pp.263-264. Bhattacharyya, S. (2009). Oil and Gas Production Contracts, Volume 1. 1st ed.20094Edited by Anthony Jennings. Oil and Gas Production Contracts, Volume 1. 1st ed. . London: Sweet and Maxwell, Thomson Reuters (Legal) Limited 2008. , ISBN: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 978à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 84703à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 750à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 3 ix +398 pp. Int J of Energy Sector Man, 3(4), pp.428-430. Bindemann, K. (2000). The response of oil contracts to extreme price movements. Oxford: Dept. of Economics [Oxford University]. Cardella, E. (n.d.). Negotiating Flexible Prices. SSRN Electronic Journal. Crump, L. (n.d.). Negotiating Climate Change. SSRN Electronic Journal. Ghandi, A. and Lin, C. (2014). Oil and gas service contracts around the world: A review. Energy Strategy Reviews, 3, pp.63-71. Jennings, A. (2002). Oil and gas exploration contracts. London: Sweet Maxwell. Mahmud, M. and Russell, A. (2002). Evidence that the terms of petroleum contracts influence the rate of development of oil fields. OPEC Review, 26(1), pp.21-44. Marshall, A. (2003). Negotiating Transcendence. Ethnologies, 25(1), p.5. Martin, T. (2009). Oil and Gas Exploration Contracts. The Journal of World Energy Law Business, 2(2), pp.173-174. Mosburg, L. (1983). Contracts used in oil and gas operations. Oklahoma City, Okla.: Institute for Energy Development. Oil and gas exploration and production: reserves, costs, contracts. (2005). Choice Reviews Online, 42(07), pp.42-4042-42-4042. OIL AND GAS: New Contracts. (2008). Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series, 45(3), pp.17792B-17792C. Pongsiri, N. (2004). Partnerships in oil and gas productionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ sharing contracts. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 17(5), pp.431-442. Razavi, H. (1989). The new era of petroleum trading. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Soyer, B. and Tettenborn, A. (n.d.). Offshore contracts and liabilities. Tade, J. (1989). Drafting indemnity provisions in oil and gas contracts. [Chicago, Ill.]: Section of Natural Resources, Energy, and Environmental Law, American Bar Association. Thornton, W. (1912). The law relating to oil and gas. Cincinnati: W.H. Anderson.

Matilda Essays - Matilda, Matilda Wormwood, , Term Papers

Matilda The book that I have read is called Matilda. It's about a young girl named Matilda. She is very gifted, her parents don't really care about what she does. Matilda has special powers, she can move things with her eye. Mrs. Trenchbol is the principle of the school she attends. She tortures every kid. Nobody likes Mrs. Trenchbol. Matilda's teacher Miss. Honey loves Matilda. Miss. Honey told Matilda how Mrs. Trenchbol is her aunt, and took over her life. Miss. Honey's father died when she was a little girl. Her father left her everything he had own, but Mrs. Trenchbol scared her away. She told Miss. Honey never to return. Mrs. Trenchbol lives in Miss. Honey's house, while Miss. Honey lives in a cottage. Matilda felt very bad for her, she wanted to help Miss. Honey in some way. Matilda knew the only way she could make Mrs. Trenchbol leave, is by using her powers. Matilda crept in Mrs. Trenchbol's house with her power she made everything in her house move to different directions. Mrs. Trenchobol was very scared, she didn't know what to do. The next day, when Mrs. Trenchbol got to school. She went to Miss. Honey's call to teach them a lesson. Matilda started to use her powers again, she got a chalk to write ?Leave My daughter alone?! Mrs. Trenchbol just ran out of the classroom to her car and never came back. Miss. Honey was so happy. Matilda knew she did the right thing. Matilda's family was going to move out of town. Matilda didn't want to go. Miss. Honey wanted to adopt Matilda. Her parents were okay with it, her parents didn't really care what Matilda ever did, as long as she was happy. Miss. Honey adopted Matilda, and her parents had left town. Miss. Honey loved Matilda very much, they wanted to spend the rest of their lives together. Book Reports

AEL Lesson Plan Essays

AEL Lesson Plan Essays AEL Lesson Plan Essay AEL Lesson Plan Essay Concentration- the child will control the movement of his/hers dominant hand In order to achieve the goal. The mind and body will be working in harmony. Importance of coordination of dominate hand. Possibilities of control of error. Social aspects and skills- Child will be able to share the activity and respect of taking turns of other children in activity. Order- child will develop cognitive structure for building and being perceptive towards various colors and sizes. The activity will help develop creative thinking. Combination of Indirect objectives will encourage the childs self discipline. Vocabulary The colors of the domino blocks can be discussed and different height of plain bridge blocks can be Introduced. Stage This activity can be adjusted according to childs age and capability. It can be introduced in early age by using only colorful identical domino. Also it can be upgraded to advance activity by adding bridge blocks with different height. This activity is adjustable towards needs and interest of child. Presentation The teacher invites the child to accompany him to the shelf. Name the activity Tumbling bridge of domino and ask the child to carry the tray to the table. The teacher might show to child how to hold the tray correctly with both hands. The teacher asks a child where does s/he want to perform the task. Child can choose table or mat that I has to be placed on the floor. The teacher sits next to the child and place tray between them. The tray with activity has to be on childs dominant side because It Is hers/ his workplace. The teacher presents the activity with slow clear movements. Teachers dominant hand will start setting up plain bridge blocks. Before staring the activity the teacher can separate blocks into two groups. First group would De Dredge Deadlocks palmer Into gradual inelegant second group would De colorful dominoes that would be placed on the top of the bridge in the end. Teachers nominate hand will start set up bridge blocks from the lower block. Then gradually second highest block, third and forth-highest block. It this point teacher might ask the child to perform take initiative if he/she is willing. The pair of the highest block will be placed within some space and blocks will be set up gradually into the lowest point. The teacher will be able to put plain block on top of two highest blocks in order to crate bridge. The main part is done. The second part of the activity consists of placing colorful domino on the bridge. The child can be fully involved into pacing part or all of the dominoes. This progress depends on the childs interest. The child can choose the color order. The dominant hand will place domino on the top of each bridge block. On the top centre child has to put two dominoes in the same row. This activity requires great concentration, and eye-hand coordination. After the activity is successfully completed, the child can knock down all dominoes. This is the most interesting part of the activity when child has visual contact how dominoes are falling one by one by touching each other. After activity is over, the child can be encourage to take apart the bridge by replacing each bridge block and domino back o the tray. It is necessary to remind the child that s/he can perform the activity again if s/he wishes so. After completing the activity the child is expected to put the activity back on the shelf. Also child will tuck his chair back or remove floor mat back to the place. This building bridge blocks with dominoes is complex activity that might need to be presented a few more times by teacher. Activity The child should be encouraged to build the bridge from the various height blocks and be advised to place colorful domino on top. This activity will help to differ the colors of domino and height of bridge blocks. The concentration is essential. Point of interest The idea of building bridge will fascinate a child and enhanced placement of colorful dominoes that can be knocked down in the end of the activity will attract childs interest. Exploration In addition, more blocks can be inserted into the activity in order to create extra complex activity. Uses in daily life It is stimulated activity that has benefit in cognitive development. It encourages intelligent thinking in spatial skills. Moreover, building block is strongly linked with math skills in the future development as comparison between height and width. RISK Assessment There is no potential risk in the building domino bridge activity. It is only for childs benefit. Links to EYES Communication and language development Child will gain new vocabulary regarding to new activity. By building bridge and setting up domino will enhance childs vocabulary of color, size and shape terminology. It refers to age 40 to 60 months old children, when they can sit quietly and concentrate and being able speaking, listening and understanding the activity. Physical development Children develop their coordination and they have developed full control of their movement. Personal, Social, and Emotional development Child will experience feeling of confidence by repeating the building blocks with domino activity. Child can build a tower by combining of wooden bridge blocks with wooden colored domino. This activity can be split into another possible game variation. This activity is creative and it encourages creative thinking. The activity could be break into two separated activities. First activity would consist of plain wooden blocks with different height. In this activity the child would be able to control the act of building the bridge and be able to realize how gradually the bridge is set up. Second activity would consist of building domino in the row. This activity would enhance childs thinking in sense of colors, movement and concentration. The child will learn colors and then the child will need to perform precise slow movement to place domino in the row without being able to destroy the row. This activity will encourage the idea of childs concentration. These different strategies could be applied in order to support child with special abilities and characteristics. How the activity can contribute to a childs overall well-being This activity will help the hill to become patient in order to practice when the goal has to be reached. It will build child self discipline because s/he will experience many control of errors while reaching the goal of building bridge of blocks with set up colorful domino. Managing Risk in Activities of Everyday Living Each child need to be acknowledge with safety rules while performing their activities in Interiors settings. Children need to develop self-awareness how to manage risk and encourage feeling of responsibility. The main point of each activity due to risk is prevention. Preventing accident has to be accomplished by evaluating and analyzing ACH activity that goes on the self for Interiors settings. Risk statement has to be established and developed in the details. Maintaining hygiene is crucial point in Interiors settings. Healthy environment can be created by teaching children how to keep hands clean and how to take care of settings items by cleaning and washing them. Another vital point in health and safety is to keep up to date with legislation. Staff and all practitioners have to be trained in safeguarding and give a first aid. These points are a must in each setting in order to maintain safe environment.

Word Choice Bare vs. Bear - Proofread My Papers Academic Blog

Word Choice Bare vs. Bear - Proofread My Papers Academic Blog Word Choice: Bare vs. Bear Homophones – similar sounding words that differ in meaning – can cause a lot of confusion, especially if English isn’t your first language. The terms â€Å"bare† and â€Å"bear,† for example, are pronounced identically, yet mean completely different things. As such we’ve prepared this guide on how to use â€Å"bare† and â€Å"bear† correctly, helping to ensure your written work is always at its best. The Meaning of â€Å"Bare† The term â€Å"bare† can be used as either an adjective or a verb. As an adjective it has two main uses, meaning either uncovered or naked: Since going bald, Donald always hid his bare head with a wig. Or it can mean plain or simple: Hilary stuck to the bare facts. As a verb, â€Å"bare† means â€Å"uncover†: Terry bared his chest and show off his tattoos. The Various Meanings of â€Å"Bear† The word â€Å"bear† is a little more difficult to define as it has a number of meanings. The most simple of these is when it’s used as a noun, referring to the large, furry, ursine animal: The American black bear is native to many parts of the USA and Canada. As a verb, â€Å"to bear† has a number of different meanings: Carry or support (â€Å"the bus could bear up to fifty people†) Withstand or tolerate (â€Å"I can’t bear rude people†) Display a mark (â€Å"the letter would bear her signature†) Bring forth (â€Å"to bear children,† â€Å"to bear fruit†) Turn in a specific direction (â€Å"bear left at the end of the road†) Give testimony (â€Å"bear witness†) There are also a few technical meanings of the word â€Å"bear.†Ã‚   In finance, for instance, a â€Å"bear† is an investor who bases decisions upon the belief that a stock or the overall market will decline. Generally, though, you will only need to know these extra meanings when writing about particular subjects.

Criminology juvenile delinquent Assignment 1- chptr 3-6 Essay

Criminology juvenile delinquent Assignment 1- chptr 3-6 - Essay Example In the University of Shippenburg, they argued that children name explain some juvenile delinquencies in the majority of races. They concluded that children with unpopular name have correlated influence to juvenile delinquency. Children in lower social economic groups have a difficult life, which contribute to, the development of juvenile delinquency. The essay addresses the upbringing and the early life conditions of Ariel Gutieerrez. He had all the conditions that lead to juvenile delinquency. He was rejected by his parent at early ages and had to live in the streets of Los Angeles. He lacked basic formal education and parental supervision. Moreover, he engaged in substance abuse and in disorder conducts that characterize the street life. Ariel was born of an American father and a Mexican woman. His father got acquainted after a short period of knowing Catherine. Both have just finished high school, but had no means of joining college because they were from poor families. They soon bore a son and named him Ariel Gutieerrez. Ariel Gutieerrez was born while both his parent were living together in the outcast of Los Angeles, but after a brief union his father walked out of home leaving him and his mother to struggle for basic needs. Ariel father had no job and neither her mother nor their parents. They survived on casual jobs, and they could not adequately provide for the family. This might explain why Ariel father walked away of the family for failing to cater for their need. Soon as his father went out of the family, Ariel mother abandoned him and went on her ways. Ariel went to the street of Los Angeles and joined other street children. Life as a street children exposed him to all manners of survival including gang life, engaging in crime, molesting and drug abuse. He was doing drugs, and he lived in and out of jail for most of his childhood life. He lacked parental supervision and

Immunization and Antibody Production Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Immunization and Antibody Production - Assignment Example In encountering the antigen, the body can only do so through natural situations or artificial. In the natural situation, we consider attack by antigen of specific ailment such as small pox. The antigen will cause clinical symptoms and the body will react by producing antibodies against the small pox. In the artificial antibody production, not the virulent form of the antigen are used but those that are killed or attenuated and have no ability to caused clinical symptoms unless one is immune compromised (Goldsby 2005). Antibody Formation There is no difference whether antibodies are naturally produced or artificially produced, there will only be difference in the antigen part, this is because that antigen of the natural simulation are real and do cause clinical symptoms. Those of artificial stimulation are not able to cause clinical symptoms since they do nit have the virulent parts but structurally resembles the real antigen. Given the fact that antibodies are simply modified globuli n, their formation is closely relate to that which involves globulin formation (Goldsby 2005). The first step involves the antigen being held at the site where antibodies are being produced and synthesis of the antibody will be initiated around the site where antigen molecule is found.... In the contrary, if the forces between the ends of the chain and that to the antigen are weak, it will necessitate the release of one end of the antibody from the antigen since it will dissociate (Lydyard and Whelan 2011). The dissociation of one end of the chain from the antigen will make the centre of the chain to coil forming a more stable configuration that will results in to a complete antibody. The eventual process is the dissociation of the antibody from the antigen and floats away as a free antibody. Once the antibody has been formed, it is memorized into the body and in case of second attack with the same antigen; there will be numerous production of the antibody that always leads to faster clearance of the antigen hence faster recovery from the antigenic attack. 2. Evaluate the effects of mass immunization programmers Immunization is the introduction of attenuated or killed antigens into the body of healthy persons such that the body can be triggered to produce in response, antibodies that will combat live antigens of the same nature in future. Vaccines are very specific and when one is immunized a gains a certain disease; they only become protected against that disease and not any other. Immunization can be active or passive depending on the nature of the antigen that are used to make the body respond through antibody production (Plotkin 2006). Immunization is therefore scheduled when there s an outbreak of a disease in the offing. Mass immunization is therefore an immunization program that is intended for a large number of people within one or several places in relatively short time. Mass immunization is therefore able to provide control for contagious diseases that are envisaged

What do visual hallucinations tell us about the nature of consciousness Essay Example for Free

What do visual hallucinations tell us about the nature of consciousness Essay The term ‘hallucination’ is difficult to define. There is a fine line between a ‘hallucination’ and an ‘illusion’. A hallucination differs from an illusion in that illusions are a product of misinterpretations of external stimuli whereas hallucinations need no such requirement making them an entirely internal process. A true hallucination can also be distinguished from a pseudo-hallucination in which the individual can recognise that what they’re seeing or hearing is not real. Hallucinations are also different from voluntary mental imagery, in that the thought has not uncontrollably forced itself onto our minds. Slade and Bentall (1988, cited in Blackmore, 2010) provided a working definition of a hallucination: â€Å"Any percept-like experience which (a) occurs in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, (b) has the full force or impact of the corresponding actual (real) perception, and (c) is not amenable to direct and voluntary control by the experiencer.† Hallucinations are frequently associated with schizophrenia. In result, those who hallucinate hesitate to come forward due to fear of being labeled crazy. The Society for Psychical Research’s ‘Census of Hallucinations’ is one of the first attempts to study hallucinations in the general population. 1684 people from 17,000 said they had previously suffered from a hallucination. It was found that visual hallucinations were more common than auditory hallucinations, and hallucinations where generally more common in females, with the most common type being a vision of a person (Blackmore, 2010). One general model of hallucinations is the ‘neurophysiological dissociation’ theory proposed by Marrazzi (1962, as cited in Slade 1976). He found that LSD produced inhibition of the association areas without affecting the primary visual cortex. He proposed that hallucinogenic drugs have their effect by producing a functional dissociation between the receiving cortex and the association areas. This loss of control of the latter over the former is responsible for the hallucinatory experience. A similar theory to Marrazzi is the ‘perceptual release’ theory, which was first proposed by Hughlings Jackson who believed that hallucinations were a result of loss of control of one area of the brain over the rest. More generally, he argues  that memories and internally generated images are naturally inhibited by information from the senses, and so such information is released when the sensory input is disrupted. Such a process tends to happen to people who indulge in sensory deprivation tanks, or to blind or deaf people. West (1962, as cited in Slade 1976) further developed the perceptual release theory to account for a whole range of percept like experiences, including hallucinations. The central beliefs of West’s theory is first, percept-like experiences are based on neural traces, templates, or engrams which are the permanent record of memories in the brain, secondly these templates/engrams are woven into the basic material of fantasies, dreams and hallucinations, and lastly, this reorganised experience is prevented from emerging into consciousness by the presence of external sensory input. The release of the reorganised experience can occur when there is sufficient arousal to permit awareness, combined with impairment of a sensory input. The perceptual release theory differs from Marrazzi’s theory in two main ways. Firstly, perceptual release theory, in placing arousal level as a central concept, assumes that subcortical structures play an important role, whereas Marrazzi’s t heory limits the area of dysfunction to structures within the cortex itself. Secondly, the perceptual release theory emphasises the disequilibrium between external sensory input and internal input from within, whereas Marrazzi does not (Slade, 1976). The perceptual release theory places strong emphasis on external sensory input, which has been supported through research demonstrating that interruption of the senses induces hallucinatory experiences. The best way to induce hallucinations, or where they occur the most, is through sensory deprivation. Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) is a common condition among people who have lost their sight in which they suffer visual hallucinations. Many studies have looked at the syndrome in order to provide a better understanding of visual hallucinations. One study exhibited a 64-year-old blind woman suffering from complex visual hallucinations (McNamara, Heros, Boller, 1982). It was found that neurosurgical removal of a large suprasellar meningioma helped remove her hallucinatory experiences. Such a case study provides evidence that hallucinations are related to both a  sensory deprivation and an impairment in CNS functioning. Another study claimed that, through looking at patients suffering f rom CBS, the hallucinations were due to an interruption in the visual association areas of the cerebral cortex. The researchers suggested that hallucinatory experiences could terminate on improving visual function or addressing social isolation (Menon, Rahman, Menon, Dutton, 2003). Deprivation of hearing can also induce hallucinations. Sometimes the deaf hear hallucinated sounds – they may even hear whole orchestras playing. Various case studies have demonstrated such a claim. Miller and Crosby (1979) found an 89-year-old woman experiencing the onset of musical hallucinations with longstanding progressive hearing loss. These hallucinations were well-formed perceptions of religious hymns and were nearly constant. Another study of a 52-year-old man proposed that the cause of musical hallucinations where due to progressive hearing loss and a result of sensory deprivation (Raghuram, Keshacan, Channabsavanna, 1980). Berrios (1990), through looking at a sample of 46 subjects experiencing musical hallucination, concluded that musical hallucinations were more common in females, and age and deafness seemed to play an important role in their development. Studies looking at CBS or hearing loss are consistent with the claim that hallucinations can occur as a result of an interruption in sensory input. However, studies have also addressed possible consistencies between hallucinations. There is no limit to the variety of hallucinations, although some common features have been identified suggesting a consistency that reflects underlying sensory processes. Such common features include spirals, concentric patterns, wavy lines, and bright colours. These similarities were investigated through studying the effects of mescaline, a hallucinogenic drug (Kluver 1926, as cited in Blackmore, 2010). It was found that brightly coloured images occurred, with a tendency to take on four forms. The first was gratings and lattices, the second was tunnels, funnels and cones, the third was spirals, and the fourth was cobwebs. These forms seem to be evident in hallucinations caused by drugs, fever, and more. The reason for such consistency lies within the map ping between patterns of the retina and  the columnar organisation of the primary visual cortex. Concentric circles from the retina are mapped into parallel lines in the visual cortex, with spirals, tunnels, lattices and cobwebs mapping onto lines in different directions. Inhibition is the cause of lines of activation in the visual cortex, and hallucinogenic drugs, lack of oxygen, certain diseases all affect inhibitory cells causing an excess of activity that can spread. In result, such consistent hallucinations occur similar to that of the four forms (Blackmore, 2010). However, there are also complex visual hallucinations in which the individual suffering from CBS/schizophrenia could see more concrete images such as monsters. In conclusion, research into hallucinations has provided a better understanding of the nature of conscious perception. Hallucinations have provided an interesting test case for theories on the mechanisms of conscious perception. In result the conscious experience without a stimulus provides a very useful case for consciousness research. Studying hallucinations is therefore extremely beneficial, as it has helped provide a window into imagery, imagination, and mental representation. References Berrios, G.E. (1990) Musical hallucinations, A historical and clinical study. BJP, 156, 188-194 Blackmore, S. (2010). Consciousness. An Introduction (2nd edition). Hodder Arnold. Hammeke, T.A. McQuillen, M.P. Cohen, B.A. (1983) Musical Hallucinations associated with acquired deafness. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 46, 570-572 McNamara, M.E. Heros, R.C. Boller, F. (1982) Visual hallucinations in blindness: The Charles bonnet syndrome. International Journal of Neuroscience, 17, 13-15 Menon, G.J. Rahman, I. Menon, S.J. Dutton, G.N. (2003) Complex Visual Hallucinations in the Visually Impaired: The Charles Bonnet Syndrome. Survey of Ophthalmology, 48, 58-72 Miller, T.C. Crosby, T.W. (1979) Musical hallucinations in a deaf elderly patient. Annals of Neurology, 5, 301-302 Raghuram, R. Keshavan, M.D. Channabasavanna, S.M. (1980). Musical Hallucinations in a deaf middle-aged patient. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 41, 357. Santhouse, A.M. Howard, R.J. Ffytche, D.H. (2000). Visual hallucinatory syndromes and the visual brain. Brain, 123, 2055-2064 Slade, P. (1976) Hallucinations. Psychological Medicine, 6, 7-13

Are Illegal Police Quotas Still Affecting American Citizens? Essay

Are Illegal Police Quotas Still Affecting American Citizens? Just this past summer, one of my good friends was driving through Harrisonburg on his way home from work, when he noticed the one thing all drivers dread, flashing blue lights closing in on him fast. While pulling to the side of the road, he realized there was not one, but two police cars behind him. He knew he had only been going five miles per hour over the speed limit, so he was worried as to why two police cars had just pulled him over. After sitting in fear behind his wheel for several minutes, two cops walked to his car and informed him that he was getting a speeding ticket. Obviously even five miles per hour over the speed limit is still speeding, but what would bring two cops to pull over a car traveling at a speed that almost everyone drives? Statistics from New York City’s Police Department have shown that the number of tickets for miniscule offenses is on the rise, and even though it is illegal for a city to set a formal quota for police to meet, many people believe it is still a common practice to have â€Å"under the table† quotas. According to Compstat, a crime analysis and police management process developed by the New York City Police Department, officers wrote 912,414 parking tickets between January 1 and May 11 of this year, as compared to 877,443 parking tickets during the same period last year, which represents an increase of 3.9%. A spokesman for the Patrolmen’s Benevolent Association, Al O’Leary, said, â€Å"The apparent increase in summonses (in New York City) was fueled by quotas. You can call them goals or targets or management productivity levels, but in a practical world, those are quotas" (Mauldin). Police chiefs everywhere contend that there... ...ity to come up with new forms of revenue, so why bother when they can just keep the quota system bringing in the money. Police are supposed to give the citizens of a city a feeling of security, but these quota systems are slowly turning that once felt sense of security into a sense of paranoia. If this trend continues in America, how long will it be until the population as a whole not only has a distrust, but a flat out hatred of police? The chaos that would happen in this instance may not be as far off as you think. Works Cited Mauldin, William. â€Å"NYPD Is Charged With Setting Quotas?† New York Sun Online 13.5 (2003). 7 Sept. 2003 (http://www.nycpba.org/press-sun/sun-030513-tickets.html). Saltonstall, David. â€Å"Quota’s? What quota’s?† New York Daily News 29.5 (2003). 7 Sept. 2003 (http://www.nydailynews.com/front/story/87757p-79862c.html).

Healthcare Informatics Discuss Essay

The information revolution has changed the health care system to an unbelievable level. Combination of informatics in nursing is going beyond data processing function I view nursing informatics as a specialty title to health care informatics. Health informatics. the application of computer and information science in al basic and applied biomedical sciences to facilitate and acquisition , processing, interpretation, optimal use, and communication of health-related date. Hebda, T., & Czar, P. (2012. P.6). I consider healthcare informatics is dealing with information, computerized information and telecommunications. Especially for nursing informatics deals with these also but how they impact patient care. Nurses in today’s world are almost all familiar with some sort of healthcare informatics such as a computerized medication system or charting systems as well as discharge instructions or patient education. Every nurse at my facility uses the computer, internet, and intranet dail y to conduct patient care. I work in the OR and we get our room assignment off a computer generated sheet. There are definitely different levels the variety of nurses are able to use the computer systems for these purposes. We collect data and information before patient come to the operating room. We will collect date about patient’s age, weight, allergy, blood work †¦..Etc. We use this knowledge to manage and plan the patient care. For example: my patient is overweight I will need to solve the moving patient from cart to bed problem before and after surgery. I will put a special air mattress on the OR bed. And by checking the patient labs from the computer, I will know if this patient has been cross matched for the surgery in case so unpredictable blood lost from the surgery. I think the computer system is essential for patient care. It benefits both the patients stay and the work flow of the nurse. From the patients perspective they can expect fewer errors, shorter stays, better communication, and even more high tech rooms with vital sign equipment that enters its data into a computer automatically. Patients can also expect better education and information about a certain disease, even the rarest of them all. The benefits to nurses are tremendous. short7sweet (Se ptember 2008) Reference Hebda, T. , & Czar, P. (2012). Handbook of Informatics for Nurses & Healthcare Professionals (5th Edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Short7sweet (2008, 09). Health Informatics. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 09, 2008, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Health-Informatics-164985.html

Diana Di Prima

Najla Alameldin Professor Wheat English 106 03-21-2011 A Cultural Criticism on Diane DiPrima’s â€Å"The Practice of Magical Evocation† As a young girl growing up in an Italian American family, DiPrima began to witness expectations that she did not like about her culture. At eight years old she experienced her first expectation as a female in her family but this was not an expectation she felt positively on. In an interview given by David Hadbawnik, DiPrima says that one day her mother was very sick and couldn’t get out of bed; she called for DiPrima and said to her, â€Å"You let that man wash a dish. DiPrima says, that at that moment she thought her mother was crazy and that the only thing on her mind was â€Å"What do you mean, I let him was a dish? You know, he’s the grown up. † Females growing up in Italian American households in the 1950s and 1960s were expected to learn the duties of their mothers. These duties included those activities that were confined to the home such as the typical cooking and cleaning. In an interview with David Hadbawnik, DiPrima says that women in Italian American families sat inferior to the men of their household while the men were considered to be a â€Å"luxury. Daughters of Italian American families were also expected to never leave home before marriage; marriage to that of an Italian or Italian American man. There was to be no sexual relationships outside of marriage and sexual relations within marriage were to be kept secret. Raised in this Italian American household; Diane DiPrima did not rise to the standards set by her culture and flouted many of her family’s rules and beliefs. However she later helped redefine the expectations of an Italian American woman through her literature.When viewing Diane DiPrima’s â€Å"The Practice of Magical Evocation† through a cultural lens of women in 1950’s and 60’s Italian American households, it is evident that the text counteracts this culture by discussing her own sexuality and putting women on a higher pedestal of power. In â€Å"The Practice of Magical Evocation,† Diane DiPrima expresses her sexuality freely and prominently. She is frank, even blatant, about sex that in her own girlhood were kept private to the point of secrecy (Kirschenbaum 61).That she was a young, Italian American woman, in 1969, having sex at all and outside of marriage, and writing about it is what remains so remarkable even today (Quinn 178). In her poem, she chooses to put a quote by Gary Snyder before her own actual text. The quotes states, â€Å"The female is fertile, and discipline (contra naturam) only confuses her† (361). The choosing of this quote declines her parental and cultures’ standards and foreshadows the sexual expression in her poem.For DiPrima, sexual liberation is freedom from the old world of Italian American ethics, and into the new world of permission to do, say and be who s he wants to be, and then to write about it (Quinn 179). Aside from flouting her family’s and culture’s conventions, DiPrima’s greatest transgression may be that she dares to write about herself in the first place. As Mary Jo Bona reminds us: â€Å"the fact that the Italian American woman†¦has chosen writing to express the self illustrates her ability to break away from traditional emphasis on family, one that implicitly enforces silence upon its members to insure that its family secrets are kept. This code of silence, a common theme in Italian American literature, is explicitly feminized in DiPrima’s literature, DiPrima talks about herself as possessing an actual body, with body parts, and bodily functions and pleasures (Quinn 178). In a line of her poem, DiPrima says, â€Å"the female is ductile and (stroke after stroke) built for masochistic calm† (361). Here DiPrima is saying that the body of a female is built to be molded for sex and is a lso built so that we gain the sexual gratification that depends on physical pain.DiPrima expresses this because instead of remaining untouched until marriage like her culture implies, she rather be with who she wants and when she wants, and apply her body to what it is built for. DiPrima goes far beyond revealing the secrets about family, to unveiling the very secrets of Italian American womankind, not in the persona of the immaculate, mysterious Virgin Mary, but to the menstruating, independent, orgasm-seeking Diane (Quinn 179). She is having sex with multiple partners, male and female, and perhaps most egregious of all, having these relationships with non-Italians.Throughout the century, the overwhelming majority of Italian American women in the United States married at least once, as did most women; however, also well into this century, Italian American women were still mostly marrying other Italians. (Quinn 178). Another line in Diane DiPrima’s poem that reveals her sexua l liberation is, â€Å"†¦and pelvic architecture functional assailed inside & out (bring forth) the cunt gets wide and relatively sloppy bring forth men†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In this line DiPrima is actually explaining what happens during sex and is extremely blunt when writing it. To DiPrima the activity of sex was exciting.In the interview with David Hadbawnik, DiPrima says, â€Å"I used to think of going to bed with someone as an adventure, each thing was different, each person was different, and I think what helped to find my physicality was to explore someone else’s physicality. In this poem, Diane DiPrima also expresses her power as an Italian American woman. In the Interview with David Hadbawnik, DiPrima explains that, growing up in her parents’ household men were considered a luxury in the way that you couldn’t rely on them for basics, but they were there with brilliant ideas and often lots of excitement.DiPrima did not agree with this. The message sent f rom her family and culture in turn made her not always want a man around; she gained power this way. She didn’t want a man always there to tell her what to do or act as if he was above her. Instead, she learned the pluses and minuses of having a man around and realized that she could have her pick of guys and have them when she tells them they could come over. Diane DiPrima also expressed her power as an Italian American woman by taking her independence before it was actually given to her.It was DiPrima’s stance, to live as though the women’s sexual revolution had already been accomplished – to separate sex from marriage and marriage from childrearing, and to improvise a quasi-familial supportive network (Kirschenbaum 64). In the poem, when DiPrima says, â€Å"the female is ductile† (361) she could be saying this with a double meaning. It could mean as I said earlier, that the female body can be molded. However, it could also mean that women can un dergo change and form without breaking, expressing that women are powerful and strong in the way that they can withstand anything.Another part of the poem that subtly shows the power of DiPrima as an Italian American woman is when she says, â€Å"†¦bring forth men†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (361). In the interview with David Hadbawnik, DiPrima says, â€Å"Yet as the same time, there were six daughters and one son that he had – the six daughters and my grandmother constantly were working around him and his ideals to keep things going. † Throughout DiPrima’s childhood she was taught and had witnessed that women listen to and follow the men. But in these couple of words from her poem, she expresses that it’s herself that brings a man to her.Through her literature, DiPrima not only shows the power she has as a woman but also shows the power in her words. During a meeting with her uncle, DiPrima says, â€Å"It is power that I am talking about, the use and abuse of p ower, power and secrecy and deals made in the dark. Coils of the unsaid winding through our lives, tangling and tripping us, holding the fabric together (David Hadbawnik Interview). This is one of the themes of DiPrima’s literature. It expresses how she discovered and learned to use power for herself; the powers of words and her power as a woman.In the poem she repeats the phrase, â€Å"the female is ductile. † This is a way that DiPrima performs the power of her words. She does this in order to illustrate the power and significance that these words should display to the reader. Diane DiPrima’s discussions of her rebellion against the beliefs of her family and culture through her literature soon gave Italian American women and also women in general the stepping stone to expressing freedom of themselves; freedom to express their sexuality when and how they wanted, and the power to be whoever they sought out to be.

We are all heroes essays

We are all heroes essays Nowadays the concept of hero is in no argument weather that they should be alive or not, young or old, poor or rich. There are many institutions that recognized individuals and are branded as heroes. But becoming a hero is not only for the chosen one, not for those who only passed the standards set by human. We are all heroes in our own endeavor no matter how little the good we do. Let us first identify the hero in our society. For I believe that amidst the stress we are experiencing, still there are heroes. Philippines is now confronted with immense economic problem. Philippine oil distributors monopolized and engulf our economy with their sustained price hikes. Thus putting a domino effect in our societies basic commodities. Fiscal crises also worsen our economic situation. Now even a single peso could not buy you cigarette. Where and who are the heroes? The rich who can donate in Donasyon ng bayan by House speaker Jose De Venecia? Perhaps yes! As long as their intentions are sincere to help build the economy. The amounts are just material things that we always look upon. The deed is much to be value and be off by intrigues. Inspite of the economic difficulties, looking on the other side of the coin we could find another hero, the masa. I am one of them and becoming a hero is being able to endure and sacrifice for family. Masa are heroes for we continuously assert and take initiative for the improvement of ones life. Though efforts are little, as other would see, still a heroic deed. We are all heroes in our own endeavor it need not to be broadcast nor given a medal just to become one. Philippine is nevertheless trying to become more competitive when it comes to education. Every now and then the curriculum are being evaluated and changes are administered. On the other hand, more children and youths are seemly out of school inspite of the governments effort in educating them. Som...

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History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

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